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A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate.
The Bruce exercise test involved walking on a treadmill while the heart was monitored by an electrocardiograph with various electrodes attached to the body. Breathing volumes and respiratory gas exchange were also monitored before, during and after exercise. Because the treadmill speed and inclination could be adjusted, this physical activity ...
Angina index is zero if no pain occurs during the exercise, one if the pain is limited to the exercise period but the patient can continue the exercise (typical angina), and two if a pain is a reason to stop the exercise test. [2] [3] Duke treadmill scores typically range from –25 (highest risk) to +15 (lowest risk).
Cardiac stress testing is used to determine to assess cardiac function and to disclose evidence of exertion-related cardiac hypoxia. Radionuclide testing using thallium or technetium can be used to demonstrate areas of perfusion abnormalities. With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not ...
Rate pressure product is a measure of the stress put on the cardiac muscle based on the number of times it needs to beat per minute (HR) and the arterial blood pressure that it is pumping against (SBP). It will be a direct indication of the energy demand of the heart and thus a good measure of the energy consumption of the heart.
An enlarged heart can be seen at echocardiography or sometimes on a chest X-ray. Similarities at presentation between athlete's heart and clinically relevant cardiac problems may prompt electrocardiography (ECG) and exercise cardiac stress tests. The ECG can detect sinus bradycardia, a resting heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute.
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However, an exercise stress test is not always accurate in determining the presence of a blockage in the arteries. [11] Women and those who are young may show abnormalities on their test even though no signs of coronary ischemia or CAD are present. [29] Harmless arrhythmias present at baseline may distort the results. [11]