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  2. Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Markov_chain...

    Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm. The Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (LZMA) is an algorithm used to perform lossless data compression. It has been under development since either 1996 or 1998 by Igor Pavlov [citation needed] and was first used in the 7z format of the 7-Zip archiver. This algorithm uses a dictionary compression scheme ...

  3. Aho–Corasick algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aho–Corasick_algorithm

    In this example, we will consider a dictionary consisting of the following words: {a, ab, bab, bc, bca, c, caa}. The graph below is the Aho–Corasick data structure constructed from the specified dictionary, with each row in the table representing a node in the trie, with the column path indicating the (unique) sequence of characters from the root to the node.

  4. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    For example, one could define a dictionary having a string "toast" mapped to the integer 42 or vice versa. The keys in a dictionary must be of an immutable Python type, such as an integer or a string, because under the hood they are implemented via a hash function. This makes for much faster lookup times, but requires keys not change.

  5. Hash table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

    A small phone book as a hash table. In computing, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [2] A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code, into an array of buckets or ...

  6. Viterbi algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viterbi_algorithm

    Viterbi algorithm. The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for obtaining the maximum a posteriori probability estimate of the most likely sequence of hidden states—called the Viterbi path —that results in a sequence of observed events.

  7. Lempel–Ziv–Welch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Welch

    Lempel–Ziv–Welch. Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) is a universal lossless data compression algorithm created by Abraham Lempel, Jacob Ziv, and Terry Welch. It was published by Welch in 1984 as an improved implementation of the LZ78 algorithm published by Lempel and Ziv in 1978. The algorithm is simple to implement and has the potential for very ...

  8. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    In mathematical terms, an associative array is a function with finite domain. [1] It supports 'lookup', 'remove', and 'insert' operations. The dictionary problem is the classic problem of designing efficient data structures that implement associative arrays. [2] The two major solutions to the dictionary problem are hash tables and search trees ...

  9. Word2vec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec

    e. Word2vec is a technique in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based on the surrounding words. The word2vec algorithm estimates these representations by modeling text in a large corpus. Once trained, such a model can detect synonymous ...