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In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression .
The 5' UTR is upstream from the coding sequence. Within the 5' UTR is a sequence that is recognized by the ribosome which allows the ribosome to bind and initiate translation. The mechanism of translation initiation differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The 3' UTR is found immediately following the translation stop codon.
The protein SXL attaches to an intron segment located within the 5′ UTR segment of the primary transcript, which leads to the inclusion of the intron after processing. [14] This sequence allows the recruitment of proteins that bind simultaneously to both the 5′ and 3′ UTR , not allowing translation proteins to assemble.
The 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) is a region of the DNA which is transcribed into mRNA and becomes the 3′-end of the message, but which does not contain protein coding sequence. Everything between the stop codon and the polyA tail is considered to be 3′-untranslated. The 3′-untranslated region may affect the translation efficiency ...
[27] [56] [57] The 3’ region of a transcript contains many polyadenylation signals (PAS). When more proximal (closer towards 5’ end) PAS sites are utilized, this shortens the length of the 3’ untranslated region (3' UTR) of a transcript. [58] Studies in both humans and flies have shown tissue specific APA.
The 5' UTR region closest to the start codon contained about 22 predicted loops. Stem loops in the 5' UTR near the start codon could indicate lower levels of expression. [23] There are 108 predicted loops in the 3' UTR region. [24] There are no known miRNA targets in the 3' UTR.
The promoter is located at the 5' end of the gene and is composed of a core promoter sequence and a proximal promoter sequence. ... The 3' UTR contains a terminator ...
In protein-coding genes, the exons include both the protein-coding sequence and the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR). Often the first exon includes both the 5′-UTR and the first part of the coding sequence, but exons containing only regions of 5′-UTR or (more rarely) 3′-UTR occur in some genes, i.e. the UTRs may contain introns. [11]