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Etruscan inscription TINIA on an altar stone from Volsinii. Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. [1] However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that Veltha, not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans. [2]
Etruscan goddess identified with Greek Aphrodite and Roman Venus. She appears in the expression, Turan ati, "Mother Turan", equivalent to Venus Genetrix. [52] Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem Tur-'to give.' Turmś, Turms: Etruscan god identified with Greek Hermes and Roman Mercurius.
Ruling over them were higher deities that seem to reflect the Indo-European system: Tin or Tinia, the sky, Uni his wife , Nethuns, god of the waters, and Cel, the earth goddess. As a third layer, the Greek gods and heroes were adopted by the Etruscan system during the Etruscan Orientalizing Period of 750/700–600 BC. [18]
A map showing the extent of Etruria and the Etruscan civilization; the map includes the 12 cities of the Etruscan League and notable cities founded by the Etruscans. Etruscan history is the written record of Etruscan civilization compiled mainly by Greek and Roman authors. Apart from their inscriptions, from which information mainly of a ...
The region became a part of the Roman Republic after the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Heavily influenced by Ancient Greek culture, Etruscan art is characterized by the use of terracotta, metalworking—especially in bronze—as well as jewelry and engraved gems. [10] Metal and bronze trinkets from the Mediterranean rapidly began to appear around Etruria.
She is identified as the Etruscan equivalent of Juno in Roman mythology, and Hera in Greek mythology. [1] As the supreme goddess of the Etruscan pantheon, she is part of the Etruscan trinity, an original precursor to the Capitoline Triad, [2] made up of her husband Tinia, the god of the sky, and daughter Menrva, the goddess of wisdom.
Chariot fitting representing Usil, 500–475 BCE, Hermitage Museum. Usil is the Etruscan god of the sun, shown to be identified with Apulu ().His iconic depiction features Usil rising out of the sea, with a fireball in either outstretched hand, on an engraved Etruscan bronze mirror in late Archaic style, formerly on the Roman antiquities market. [1]
Fresco of Odysseus (Etruscan: Uθuste) and the Cyclops (Etruscan: Cuclu) in the Tomb of Orcus, Tarquinia, Italy.. The origins of Orcus may have lain in Etruscan religion.The so-called "Tomb of Orcus", an Etruscan site at Tarquinia, is a misnomer, resulting from its first discoverers mistaking a hairy, bearded giant for Orcus; it actually depicts a Cyclops.