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The affectionately known "little blue" book was reprinted several times but a full Bible was not completed in its mixed dialect, with subsequent translation efforts instead focussing on dialects dominant in Pakistan and Afghanistan separately. In 2019, a full Bible in Pashto was completed, in the Yusufzai dialect most commonly spoken in Pakistan.
Pashto [b] (/ ˈ p ʌ ʃ t oʊ / PUH-shto, [6] [4] [5] / ˈ p æ ʃ t oʊ / PASH-toe; [c] پښتو, Pəx̌tó, [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto]) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan.
In the middle or end of a word, ا represents the long vowel /ɑ/ which is following a consonant (e.g., کال kāl ' year ', and نْيا nyā ' grandmother '). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] At the beginning of a word, the letter alif can also be used with a diactric mark [often not written] e.g. اِ (alif with a zer) as in اِسلام I slām ' Islam ' .
Dialectical Map of Pashto: An edited map of the Pashtun tribes, from Olaf Caroe’s “The Pathans”. The North Eastern dialects have been highlighted in dark blue, the North Western dialects in light blue, the North-Central (North Karlāṇi) is pink, the South-Central (South Karlāṇi) in red, the South Eastern in orange and the South Western in yellow.
Pashto syllable structure can be summarized as follows; parentheses enclose optional components: (C 1 C 2 (C 3)) (S 1) V (S 2) (C 4 (C 5)); Pashto syllable structure consists of an optional syllable onset, consisting of one or two consonants; an obligatory syllable nucleus, consisting of a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, consisting of ...
Pashto verbs are of four categories: simple verbs, prefixed verbs, a-initial verbs and compound verbs. Prefixed verbs, a-initial verbs and compound verbs are separable. Pashto verbs can be conjugated by the bases they have. Present and imperative forms are formed on present bases. Past, optative, and infinitive forms are formed on past bases.
Northern Pashto (Pashto: شمالي پښتو) is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in the northern and central parts of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and central-eastern Afghanistan, comprising the Northwestern and Northeastern dialects of Pashto.
Southern Pashto (Pashto: جنوبي/سهيلي پښتو) is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in southeastern Afghanistan, and northern parts of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, comprising the Southwestern and Southeastern dialects of Pashto.