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The horticulture industry embraces the production, processing and shipping of and the market for fruits and vegetables. As such it is a sector of agribusiness and industrialized agriculture . Industrialized horticulture sometimes also includes the floriculture industry and production and trade of ornamental plants .
There was an increase in global production of primary crops by 56% between 2000 and 2022 to 9.6 billion tonnes, which represents a 0.7% compared to 2021. [2] This represents 3.5 billion tonnes more than in 2000. [2] Cereals represented the main group of crops produced in 2022, followed by sugar crops (23%), vegetables (12%) and oil crops (12%).
Various organizations worldwide focus on promoting and encouraging research and education in all branches of horticultural science; such organizations include the International Society for Horticultural Science [4] and the American Society of Horticultural Science. [5] In the United Kingdom, there are two main horticulture societies.
It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of Vitis vinifera , the common grape vine, ranges from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea , the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica .
Olericulture is the science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody plants for food. Olericulture is the production of plants for use of the edible parts. Vegetable crops can be classified into nine major categories: Potherbs and greens – spinach and collards; Salad crops – lettuce, celery
A common type of horticulture is slash-and-burn cultivation, wherein regions of wild foliage are cut and burnt, producing nutrient-rich biochar in which to grow crops. Traditional, small-scale slash-and-burn cultivation—such as that practiced by the Guaraní people in South America – can be efficient and sustainable, with the natural ...
Plant domestication is seen as the birth of agriculture. However, it is arguably proceeded by a very long history of gardening wild plants. While the 12,000 year-old date is the commonly accepted timeline describing plant domestication, there is now evidence from the Ohalo II hunter-gatherer site showing earlier signs of disturbing the soil and cultivation of pre-domesticated crop species. [8]
In 2022, the wholesale value of bedding plants in the U.S. was nearly US$ 2.5 Billion. [17] The basic science for controlled-environment agriculture was started at universities and in industry in the Netherlands, the U.K., Germany, Denmark, etc. for vegetable, cut flower and potted flowering plants in the 1970s and 1980s. U.S. universities and ...