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The term "informal housing" is useful in capturing the informal population other than those living in slum settlements or shanty towns. UN-Habitat more narrowly defines slum housing as lacking at least one of the following criteria: durability, sufficient living space, safe and accessible water, adequate sanitation, and security of tenure. [4]
Informal housing in 23 de Enero, 2019 The Centro Financiero Confinanzas in 2017 El Helicoide in 2008. Following the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état, thousands of people occupied empty apartments in the superblocks of the 2 de Diciembre (2 December) housing estate, which had been built in tribute to the then President of Venezuela, Marcos Pérez Jiménez.
At this number, settlements are too small or scattered to be considered "urban", and services within these settlements (if any) are generally limited to bare essentials: e.g., church, grocery store, post office, etc. Throughout most of human history, very few settlements could support a population greater than 150 people.
In China, informal settlements are known as urban villages. [53] Squatter settlements occurred in Hong Kong in 1946, after its wartime occupation by Japan. [54] After 700,000 people migrated from mainland China to Hong Kong between 1949 and 1950; the squatter population was estimated at 300,000, with people sleeping wherever they could find a ...
According to the United Nations, the proportion of urban dwellers living in slums or informal settlements decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the developing world between 1990 and 2005. [39] However, due to rising population, the absolute number of slum dwellers is rising and passed 1 billion in 2018. [ 40 ]
In 2011, there were at least four improvised settlements in Mumbai containing even more people. [23] There are in total 3.4 million people living in the 5,000 informal settlements of Bangladesh's capital city Dhaka. [24] Thailand has 5,500 informal settlements, one of the largest being a shanty town in the Khlong Toei District of Bangkok. [25]
Hull House, Chicago. Settlement and community houses in the United States were a vital part of the settlement movement, a progressive social movement that began in the mid-19th century in London with the intention of improving the quality of life in poor urban areas through education initiatives, food and shelter provisions, and assimilation and naturalization assistance.
The gap between people's low income and the high land price forces some people to look for and construct cheap informal settlements, which are known as slums in urban areas. [63] The transformation of agricultural land also provides surplus labour , as peasants have to seek jobs in urban areas as rural-urban migrant workers .