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The diameter of the gall at its base is 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.12 in). [36] [31] They are narrow and conical, and sometimes have a slight curve at the tip. [16] The galls each contain a single chamber, [31] which is smooth inside. [24] Common names for the gall include the grape-leaf trumpet-gall, [35] the conical grape gall, [24] and the grape ...
Anguina tritici was the first plant parasitic nematode to be described in the literature in 1743. It causes a disease in wheat and rye called "ear-cockle" or seed gall. . Originally found in many parts of the world but has been eradicated from the western he
The meristems, where plant cell division occurs, are the usual sites of galls, though insect galls can be found on other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, branches, buds, roots, and even flowers and fruits. Gall-inducing insects are usually species-specific and sometimes tissue-specific on the plants they gall.
Galls act as both the habitat, and food sources for the maker of the gall. The interior of a bedeguar gall is formed from the bud, and is composed of edible nutritious and structural tissues. Some galls act as "physiologic sinks", concentrating resources in the gall from the surrounding plant parts. [3]
Andricus foecundatrix (formerly Andricus fecundator) is a parthenogenetic gall wasp which lays a single egg within a leaf bud, using its ovipositor, to produce a gall known as an oak artichoke gall, oak hop gall, larch-cone gall or hop strobile [1] [2] The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) or sessile oak ...
Oak galls have been used in the production of ink since at least the time of the Roman Empire. From the Middle Ages to the early twentieth century, iron gall ink was the main medium used for writing in the Western world. [2] Gall nuts are a source of tannin in the production of iron gall ink. Tannins belong to a group of molecules known as ...
This species is bivoltine and induces different bud galls in the spring and summer on three different host plants. The spring galls are small and difficult to locate. Galled plants are sometimes stunted. Each gall typically contains only one chamber in the middle of the apical meristem and contains a single larva.
The Cecidomyiinae, commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats, is the largest subfamily in Cecidomyiidae with over 600 genera and more than 5000 described species. [1] Larvae of the other ( basal ) cecidomyiid subfamilies feed on fungi; whereas this subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants.