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Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. [1] In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
The first row of coefficients at the bottom of the table gives the fifth-order accurate method, and the second row gives the fourth-order accurate method. This shows the computational time in real time used during a 3-body simulation evolved with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method.
For example, consider the ordinary differential equation ′ = + The Euler method for solving this equation uses the finite difference quotient (+) ′ to approximate the differential equation by first substituting it for u'(x) then applying a little algebra (multiplying both sides by h, and then adding u(x) to both sides) to get (+) + (() +).
Suppose that we want to solve the differential equation ′ = (,). The trapezoidal rule is given by the formula + = + ((,) + (+, +)), where = + is the step size. [1]This is an implicit method: the value + appears on both sides of the equation, and to actually calculate it, we have to solve an equation which will usually be nonlinear.
The A-stability concept for the solution of differential equations is related to the linear autonomous equation ′ =. Dahlquist (1963) proposed the investigation of stability of numerical schemes when applied to nonlinear systems that satisfy a monotonicity condition.
Typically, it applies to first-order equations, though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation. The method is to reduce a partial differential equation (PDE) to a family of ordinary differential equations (ODE) along which the solution can be integrated from some initial data ...
The Newmark-beta method is a method of numerical integration used to solve certain differential equations.It is widely used in numerical evaluation of the dynamic response of structures and solids such as in finite element analysis to model dynamic systems.