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Objectives: Identify specific signs and symptoms of hydrogen sulfide toxicity to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this condition. Screen individuals with suspected hydrogen sulfide exposure and subsequent toxicity.
Hydrogen sulfide is toxic to humans and most other animals by inhibiting cellular respiration in a manner similar to hydrogen cyanide. When it is inhaled or its salts are ingested in high amounts, damage to organs occurs rapidly with symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to convulsions and death.
The levels of hydrogen sulfide in air and water are typically low. Household exposures to hydrogen sulfide can occur through misuse of drain cleaning materials. Hydrogen sulfide can be found in well water and can be formed in hot water heaters, giving tap water a rotten egg odor.
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly flammable, explosive gas, and can cause possible life-threatening situations if not properly handled. In addition, hydrogen sulfide gas burns and produces other toxic vapors and gases, such as sulfur dioxide.
Hydrogen sulfide is a very rapidly acting, highly toxic gas that can produce rapid CNS and respiratory depression. It is also an irritant affecting skin and mucous membranes. There is no proven antidote for hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Abstract Introduction. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is found in various settings. Reports of chemical suicide, where individuals have combined readily available household chemicals to produce lethal concentrations of H 2 S, have demonstrated that H 2 S is easily produced. Governmental agencies have warned of potential threats of use of H 2 S for a chemical attack, but currently there are no FDA ...
Hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally and is also produced by human activities. Just a few breaths of air containing high levels of hydrogen sulfide gas can cause death. Lower, longer-term exposure can cause eye irritation, headache, and fatigue.
Hydrogen sulfide is the second most common cause of fatal gas inhalation exposures in the workplace (at 7.7%, second to carbon monoxide at 36%) and has unique features that make hydrogen sulfide cases toxicologically unusual, distinctive, and very similar from one case to another.
The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide.
While it is naturally occurring in various settings, such as natural gas and volcanic activity, exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide can be toxic to humans. This comprehensive article aims to provide a thorough understanding of hydrogen sulfide toxicity, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.