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  2. Automatic Certificate Management Environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Certificate...

    The ISRG provides free and open-source reference implementations for ACME: certbot is a Python-based implementation of server certificate management software using the ACME protocol, [6] [7] [8] and boulder is a certificate authority implementation, written in Go. [9] Since 2015 a large variety of client options have appeared for all operating ...

  3. Public key infrastructure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure

    A single sign-on server will issue digital certificates into the client system, but never stores them. Users can execute programs, etc. with the temporary certificate. It is common to find this solution variety with X.509-based certificates. [26] Starting Sep 2020, TLS Certificate Validity reduced to 13 Months.

  4. OpenSSL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL

    OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites.

  5. Self-signed certificate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-signed_certificate

    RFC 5280 defines self-signed certificates as "self-issued certificates where the digital signature may be verified by the public key bound into the certificate" [7] whereas a self-issued certificate is a certificate "in which the issuer and subject are the same entity". While in the strict sense the RFC makes this definition only for CA ...

  6. MD5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5

    The SSL researchers wrote, "Our desired impact is that Certification Authorities will stop using MD5 in issuing new certificates. We also hope that use of MD5 in other applications will be reconsidered as well." [24] In 2012, according to Microsoft, the authors of the Flame malware used an MD5 collision to forge a Windows code-signing ...

  7. Hidden Tear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Tear

    Hidden Tear is the first open-source ransomware trojan that targets computers running Microsoft Windows [1] The original sample was posted in August 2015 to GitHub. [2]When Hidden Tear is activated, it encrypts certain types of files using a symmetric AES algorithm, then sends the symmetric key to the malware's control servers. [3]

  8. Comparison of TLS implementations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_TLS...

    Several versions of the TLS protocol exist. SSL 2.0 is a deprecated [27] protocol version with significant weaknesses. SSL 3.0 (1996) and TLS 1.0 (1999) are successors with two weaknesses in CBC-padding that were explained in 2001 by Serge Vaudenay. [28]

  9. Certificate revocation list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_revocation_list

    CRL for a revoked cert of Verisign CA. There are two different states of revocation defined in RFC 5280: Revoked A certificate is irreversibly revoked if, for example, it is discovered that the certificate authority (CA) had improperly issued a certificate, or if a private-key is thought to have been compromised.