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In phonetics, a tilde is used as a diacritic that is placed above a letter, below it or superimposed onto the middle of it: A tilde above a letter indicates nasalization, e.g. [ã], [ṽ]. A tilde superimposed onto the middle of a letter indicates velarization or pharyngealization, e.g. [ɫ], [z̴].
the tilde (Señor, João), in Spanish indicating palatalised n, and Portuguese indicating nasal a and o (although in Spanish and most source languages, the tilde is not considered a diacritic over the letter n but rather as an integral part of the distinct letter ñ; in Portuguese the sound is represented by "nh")
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek διακριτικός ( diakritikós , "distinguishing"), from διακρίνω ( diakrínō , "to distinguish").
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) requires specific names for the symbols and diacritics used in the alphabet.. It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it is intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspondence between symbol and sound in broad transcription.
Tilde (symbol) Tilde (diacritic) Wave dash Double tilde ̃: Tilde (diacritic) Circumflex, Grave: Combining Diacritical Marks, Diacritic ™ Trademark symbol: Registered trade mark _ Underscore | Vertical bar: also known as a 'pipe' / Virgule: Slash: Virgule (disambiguation)
They may be contrasted in print by doubling the IPA diacritic for nasalization: ẽ vs ẽ̃ . Bickford & Floyd (2006) combine the tilde with the ogonek: ẽ vs ę̃ . (The ogonek is sometimes used in an otherwise IPA transcription to avoid conflict with tone diacritics above the vowels.)
Nasalization, as in Palantla Chinantec lightly nasalized /ẽ/ vs heavily nasalized /ẽ̃/, [89] though some care can be needed to distinguish this from the extIPA diacritic for velopharyngeal frication in disordered speech, /e͌/, which has also been analyzed as extreme nasalization. Weak vs strong ejectives, [kʼ], [kˮ]. [90]
A with tilde below: Kharosthi transliteration, Ngambay, Zarma: À̰ à̰: A with tilde below and grave: Nateni Á̰ á̰: A with tilde below and acute: Mbelime, Nateni: Ā̰ ā̰: A with tilde below and macron: Mbelime Ä̰ ä̰: A with tilde below and diaeresis: Ä̰́ ä̰́: A with tilde below, diaeresis and acute: Ą ą: A with ogonek