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Bathymetry (/ b ə ˈ θ ɪ m ə t r i /; from Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús) 'deep' and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') [1] [2] is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors (seabed topography), lake floors, or river floors. In other words, bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography.
Bathymetric charts showcase depth using a series of lines and points at equal intervals, called depth contours or isobaths (a type of contour line). A closed shape with increasingly smaller shapes inside of it can indicate an ocean trench or a seamount, or underwater mountain, depending on whether the depths increase or decrease going inward.
A depth gauge is an instrument for measuring depth below a vertical reference surface. They include depth gauges for underwater diving and similar applications. A diving depth gauge is a pressure gauge that displays the equivalent depth below the free surface in water. The relationship between depth and pressure is linear and accurate enough ...
The instrument is lowered into the water in what is called the downcast to a determined depth or to a few meters above the ocean floor, generally at a rate of about 0.5 m/s. Most of the time a conducting wire cable is attached to the CTD frame connecting the CTD to an onboard computer, and allows instantaneous uploading and real time ...
The depth was determined (rather inaccurately) by the time it took to surface. [3] Jacob Perkins (1766–1849) proposed a bathometer based on the compressibility of water. [ 4 ] In this instrument the movement of a piston compressing a body of water enclosed in its cylinder is dependent on the pressure of the water outside the cylinder, and ...
Marine gravity profiles made across Mid-Ocean Ridges showed a lack of a gravity anomaly, the Free-air anomaly is small or near zero when averaged over a broad area. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] This suggested that although ridges reached a height at their crest of two kilometers or more above the deep ocean basins, that extra mass was not related to an ...
Floats measure the physical and chemical aspects of the ocean in detail, such as measuring the direction and speed of water or the temperature and salinity. [2] A float will descend to a predetermined depth where it will be neutrally buoyant .
The data from the GDP have been used by oceanographers to derive maps of lateral diffusivity and Lagrangian length- and time-scales across the Pacific. [7] Other uses include studies of plastic accumulation the ocean, [8] and climatological models that simulate equatorial ocean currents, as well as many others.