Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Due to the major adverse effects of ergot-derived dopamine agonists, they are generally not used in modern medicine and have mostly been abandoned in favor of non-ergot agonists such as pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. They do not induce as serious side effects although common side effects are nausea, edema and hypotension.
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
More serious side effects include depression, low blood pressure with standing, sudden onset of sleepiness, psychosis, and increased risk-taking behavior. [6] [10] Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa outside the brain. [10] In the brain, levodopa is broken down into dopamine, its active form. [10]
Serious side effects may include pathological gambling, low blood pressure with standing and hallucinations. [3] [4] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. [5] It is a dopamine agonist and works by triggering dopamine D 2 receptors. [4] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997. [4] It is available as a ...
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Side effects of levodopa include nausea, the wearing-off phenomenon, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and levodopa-induced dyskinesia, among others. [3] The drug is a centrally permeable monoamine precursor and prodrug of dopamine and hence acts as a dopamine receptor agonist. [3] Chemically, levodopa is an amino acid, a phenethylamine, and a ...
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Rare but serious side effects include seizures, [10] [11] liver toxicity, [24] psychosis, [25] and risk of overdose. [26] Bupropion use during pregnancy may be associated with increased likelihood of congenital heart defects. [27] Bupropion acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and a nicotinic receptor antagonist. [2]