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The name 25(OH)D refers to any combination of calcifediol (25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol), derived from vitamin D 3, and ercalcidiol (25-hydroxy-ergocalciferol), [1] derived from vitamin D 2. The first of these (also known as 25-hydroxy vitamin D3) is made by the body, or is sourced from certain animal foods or cholecalciferol supplements.
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 is formed from 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 by the action of CYP24A1 (25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase). CYP24A1 appears to be "a multicatalytic enzyme catalyzing most, if not all, of the reactions in the C-24/C-23 pathway of 25-OH-D 3 metabolism." [5]
[40] [61] [62] Ultraviolet light alone - sunlight or tanning beds - can raise serum 25(OH)D concentration to a bit higher than 100 nmol/L, but not to a level that causes hypervitaminosis D, the reasons being that there is a limiting amount of the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol synthesized in the skin and a negative feedback in the kidney ...
The liver is required to transform vitamin D into 25-hydroxyvitamin D. This is an inactive metabolite of vitamin D but is a necessary precursor (building block) to create the active form of vitamin D. [1] The kidneys are responsible for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. This is the active form of vitamin D in the body.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase [5] or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene. [6] [7] [8]
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...
These two forms of vitamin D are metabolized in the liver and stored as 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [4] Before biological use, the storage form must be converted into an active form. One common active form is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. [4] The term vitamin D in this article means cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and the active forms ...
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive.. Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism [3] and parathyroid hormone levels [4] than calcitriol; but significant effects on the immune system, including regulatory T cells. [5]
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