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In the early Bronze Age of China, the use of wine and food vessels served a religious purpose. While ding were the most important food vessels, wine vessels were the more prominent ritual bronzes of this time, likely due to the belief in Shamanism and spirit worship. [5] Ding were used to make ritual sacrifices, both human and animal, to ancestors.
A Shang oracle text written by the Bīn group of diviners from period I, corresponding to the reign of King Wu Ding (c. 1250 BCE) [1]The Shang dynasty of China (c. 1600 – 1046 BCE), which adhered to a polytheistic religion centered around worshipping ancestors, structured itself into key religious roles with the king acting as head.
Allegedly, Wu Ding was the first to make modifications to sacrificial activities. According to the narrative, the king, advised by his son Zu Ji, sought to limit ancestral sacrifices after receiving ominous omens, intended to be not "generous". Oracle bone script record Wu Ding's other son Zu Jia as the one who changed sacrificial amounts. He ...
Shang ding for food rituals celebrating ancestors. The surface is decorated with three taotie motifs – Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Although modern scholars use the word taotie, it is actually not known what word the Shang and Zhou dynasties used to call the design on their bronze vessels; as American paleographer Sarah Allan notes, there is no particular reason to assume that the ...
For example, Wu Ding's sons referred to him as "Father Ding". [226] For relatives of the same generation, only the graph for males has been attested, which is xiong (兄; 'older brother', 'cousin'). Spouses of the reigning king were referred to as fu (婦). [227] Sons and nephews of the reigning king were referred to as zi (子).
The Houmuwu ding (Chinese: 后母戊鼎; pinyin: Hòumǔwù dǐng), also called Simuwu ding (司母戊鼎; Sīmǔwù dǐng), is a rectangular bronze ding (sacrificial vessel, one of the common types of Chinese ritual bronzes) of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty. It is the heaviest piece of bronzeware to survive from anywhere in the ancient ...
Wu Ding (Chinese: 武丁; died c. 1200 BC); personal name Zi Zhao (子昭), was a king of the Chinese Shang dynasty who ruled the central Yellow River valley c. 1250 BC – c. 1200 BC. He is the earliest figure in Chinese history mentioned in contemporary records.
The early bronze ding were probably copied from their pottery counterparts. [112] [113] [114] Examples of ritual bronzes at Sanxingdui are bird-man statues, bronze altars adorned by majestic birds, bronze heads, and bronze trees. Sanxingdui also produced bronze collared discs decorated with birds, which probably was used by priests in rituals ...