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In the early Bronze Age of China, the use of wine and food vessels served a religious purpose. While ding were the most important food vessels, wine vessels were the more prominent ritual bronzes of this time, likely due to the belief in Shamanism and spirit worship. [5] Ding were used to make ritual sacrifices, both human and animal, to ancestors.
The notable example is Wen Wu Ding, Wu Ding's 5th-generation descendant (and one of his admirer, who took his regnal name to be a component of his own). His actions took place when the Shang dynasty had been experiencing sharp declines; therefore, they have been perceived as attempts to revitalize power using connecting the ruler with his most ...
For example, Wu Ding's sons referred to him as "Father Ding". [226] For relatives of the same generation, only the graph for males has been attested, which is xiong (兄; 'older brother', 'cousin'). Spouses of the reigning king were referred to as fu (婦). [227] Sons and nephews of the reigning king were referred to as zi (子).
David Keightley reconstructed a ritual happening during Wu Ding's reign, in which the king suffered from a toothache and attempted to receive a treatment from his uncle Pan Geng. [1] In another case, Wu Ding asked his (deceased) father Xiao Yi to cure a stomach ailment. [1] Female ancestors seem to be responsible for more negative events.
A Shang oracle text written by the Bīn group of diviners from period I, corresponding to the reign of King Wu Ding (c. 1250 BCE) [1]The Shang dynasty of China (c. 1600 – 1046 BCE), which adhered to a polytheistic religion centered around worshipping ancestors, structured itself into key religious roles with the king acting as head.
The Houmuwu ding (Chinese: 后母戊鼎; pinyin: Hòumǔwù dǐng), also called Simuwu ding (司母戊鼎; Sīmǔwù dǐng), is a rectangular bronze ding (sacrificial vessel, one of the common types of Chinese ritual bronzes) of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty. It is the heaviest piece of bronzeware to survive from anywhere in the ancient ...
Rib of a rhinoceros killed in a royal hunt, bearing an inscription including the character 商 (Shāng, fifth character from the bottom on the right) [2]. The Late Shang, also known as the Anyang period, is the earliest known literate civilization in China, spanning the reigns of the last nine kings of the Shang dynasty, beginning with Wu Ding in the second half of the 13th century BC and ...
The early bronze ding were probably copied from their pottery counterparts. [112] [113] [114] Examples of ritual bronzes at Sanxingdui are bird-man statues, bronze altars adorned by majestic birds, bronze heads, and bronze trees. Sanxingdui also produced bronze collared discs decorated with birds, which probably was used by priests in rituals ...