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Casing heads are the primary interface for the surface pressure control equipment, for example blowout preventers (for well drilling) or the Christmas tree (for well production). The casing head, when installed, is typically tested to very strict pressure and leak-off parameters to insure viability under blowout conditions, before any surface ...
Casing hangers must be designed to take the full weight of the casing, and provide a seal between the casing hanger and the spool. Casing Hangers may also be suspended within the wellhead by means of radial distortion of the wellhead bore e.g. the "Pos-Grip" method. This is installed to support the individual casing strings in the well.
Casing head (#27) is a large metal flange welded or screwed onto the top of the conductor pipe (also known as drive-pipe) or the casing and is used to bolt the surface equipment such as the blowout preventers (for well drilling) or the Christmas tree (oil well) (for well production).
In general well heads are five nominal ratings of wellheads: 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 (×1000) psi working pressure. They have an operating temperature range of −50 to +250 degrees Fahrenheit. They are used in conjunction with ring type seal gaskets. In general the yield strength of the materials range from 36000 to 75000 psi.
Oil well Christmas tree. In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or tree, is an assembly of valves, casing spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well, and other types of well.
CITHP – closed-in tubing head pressure (tubing head pressure when the well is shut in) CIV – chemical injection valve; CK – choke (a restriction in a flowline or a system, usually referring to a production choke during a test or the choke in the well control system) CL – core log; CLG – core log and graph; CM – choke module
The Yates #30-A in Pecos County, Texas, US gushing 80 feet through the fifteen-inch casing, produced a world record 204,682 barrels of oil a day from a depth of 1,070 feet on 23 September 1929. [16] The Wild Mary Sudik gusher in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, US in 1930 flowed at a rate of 72,000 barrels (11,400 m 3) per day. [17]
Casing depths, well control options, formation fracture pressures and limiting fluid weights may be based on this information. To determine formation strength and integrity, a Leak Off Test (LOT) or a Formation Integrity Test (FIT) may be performed. The FIT is: a method of checking the cement seal between the casing and the formation.