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The Varga (Group/Class) letters ka to ma are to be placed in the varga (square) places (1st, 100th, 10000th, etc.) and Avarga letters like ya, ra, la.. have to be placed in Avarga places (10th, 1000th, 100000th, etc.). The Varga letters ka to ma have values from 1, 2, 3 .. up to 25 and Avarga letters ya to ha have values 30, 40, 50 .. up to 100 ...
Aryabhata ( ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I [3] [4] (476–550 CE) [5] [6] was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga , 499 CE, he was 23 years old) [ 7 ] and the Arya- siddhanta .
Commentary on Aryabhata's Aryabhatiya. This commentary is known by various titles including Aryabhata-prakasha, Bhata-prakasha, Prakasha, Aryabhata-prakashika, Bhata-prakashika, and Prakashika. [7] Yallaya added further notes to this text, and Parameshvara (c. 1431) used it as a source for writing a new commentary on Aryabhatiya. [8]
Chapter 18 contained 103 Sanskrit verses which began with rules for arithmetical operations involving zero and negative numbers [73] and is considered the first systematic treatment of the subject. The rules (which included a + 0 = a {\displaystyle a+0=\ a} and a × 0 = 0 {\displaystyle a\times 0=0} ) were all correct, with one exception: 0 0 ...
Aryabhatiya (IAST: Āryabhaṭīya) or Aryabhatiyam (Āryabhaṭīyaṃ), a Sanskrit astronomical treatise, is the magnum opus and only known surviving work of the 5th century Indian mathematician Aryabhata. Philosopher of astronomy Roger Billard estimates that the book was composed around 510 CE based on historical references it mentions. [1] [2]
Alphasyllabic numeration are very important for understanding Indian astronomy, astrology, and numerology, since Indian astronomical texts were written in Sanskrit verse, which had strict metrical form. These systems had the advantage of being able to give any word a numerical value, and to find many words corresponding to one given number.
Aryabhata II also deduced a method to calculate the cube root of a number, but his method was already given by Aryabhata I, many years earlier. Indian mathematicians were very keen to give the correct sine tables since they played a vital role to calculate the planetary positions as accurately as possible.
Bhāskara (c. 600 – c. 680) (commonly called Bhāskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th-century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's ...