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Anarcha Westcott (c. 1828 – unknown) was an enslaved woman who underwent a series of experimental surgical procedures conducted by physician J. Marion Sims, without the use of anesthesia, to treat a combination of vesicovaginal fistula and rectovaginal fistula. [1]
In some types of fistulae, a seton may be tied with more tension and tightened periodically. In this case, the seton loop will slowly cut through tissue inside the loop while scarring behind the loop, essentially "pulling out" the fistula without surgery. This is the Kshar-Sutra method mentioned by Sushruta in ancient Indian surgical practice.
Tracheoinnominate fistula (TIAF or TIF) is an abnormal connection between the innominate artery (brachiocephalic trunk or brachiocephalic artery) and the trachea. A TIF is a rare but life-threatening iatrogenic injury, usually the sequela of a tracheotomy .
Surgery to treat a CSF-venous fistula in CSF leak patients is highly effective. [86] Neurosurgery is available to directly repair leaking meningeal diverticula . The areas of dura leak can be tied together in a process called ligation and then a metal clip can be placed in order to hold the ligation closed. [ 24 ]
Seroma is the most common surgical complication after breast surgery. It is due to the presence of rich lymphatic system in the breast, low fibrinogen levels in lymph fluid and potential space creation in the breast after surgery, which contributes to seroma formation. Seroma is more common in older and obese people. [7]
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.
An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar ) which is closely related to the antral floor.
Vesicouterine fistulas occur most commonly after lower segment caesarean sections (about 83-93% of cases). [2] The possible mechanisms by which vesicouterine fistulas occur following caesarean sections include undetected bladder injury during caesarean section, inadvertent placement of a suture through the bladder during the repair of the uterus and abnormal blood vessel connections following ...