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They range from those of water at very low concentrations approaching 0% HCl to values for fuming hydrochloric acid at over 40% HCl. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F).
The official SI symbols are g/cm 3, g·cm −3, or g cm −3. It is equivalent to the units gram per millilitre (g/mL) and kilogram per litre (kg/L). The density of water is about 1 g/cm 3, since the gram was originally defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water at its maximum density at 4 °C (39 °F). [1]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Density of pure water at 60 °F = / or / [8] Note: There is no universal agreement on the exact density of pure water at various temperatures since each industry will often use a different standard. For example the, USGS says it is 0.99907 g/cm 3 . [ 9 ]
At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.
Avoirdupois ounce per fluid ounce (1 g/cm 3 ≈ 1.04317556 oz/US fl oz = 1.04317556 lb/US fl pint) Avoirdupois pound per cubic inch (1 g/cm 3 ≈ 0.036127292 lb/cu in) pound per cubic foot (1 g/cm 3 ≈ 62.427961 lb/cu ft) pound per cubic yard (1 g/cm 3 ≈ 1685.5549 lb/cu yd) pound per US liquid gallon (1 g/cm 3 ≈ 8.34540445 lb/US gal)
The increase observed for water from 0 °C (32 °F) to 3.98 °C (39.16 °F) and for a few other liquids [d] is described as negative thermal expansion. Regular, hexagonal ice is also less dense than liquid water—upon freezing, the density of water decreases by about 9%. [36] [e]
Near 0 °Bé would be approximately the density of water. −100 °Bé (specific gravity, 0.615) would be among the lightest fluids known, such as liquid butane. Thus, the system could be understood as representing a practical spectrum of the density of liquids between −100 and 100, with values near 0 being the approximate density of water.