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The N in H5N1 stands for "Neuraminidase", the protein depicted in this ribbon diagram. H5N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. Like all subtypes it is an enveloped negative-sense RNA virus, with a segmented genome. [37] Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the antigenic hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in the viral envelope.
Between 2003 and December 2024, the World Health Organization has recorded 963 cases of confirmed H5N1 influenza, leading to 465 deaths. [10] The true fatality rate may be lower because some cases with mild symptoms may not have been identified as H5N1. [11] A/H5N1 influenza virus was first identified in farmed birds in southern China in 1996. [12]
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in a human appears to be far worse, killing over 50% of humans reported infected with the virus, although it is unknown how many cases (with milder symptoms) go unreported. In one case, a boy with H5N1 experienced diarrhea followed rapidly by a coma without developing respiratory or flu-like symptoms. [41]
A small H5N1 outbreak in humans in Hong Kong occurred then, [44] and sporadic human cases have occurred since 1997, carrying a high case fatality rate. [ 19 ] [ 62 ] The most recent flu pandemic was the 2009 swine flu pandemic , which originated in Mexico and resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. [ 34 ]
This ability, which wasn’t detected in the past, could help explain how flu A is able to stick around in populations and even break through the existing immunity you may have already built up.
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. [1] It is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals, as well as causing seasonal flu in humans. [2]
A new variant of the bird flu has infected a dairy worker in Nevada, marking the state's first human case of the H5N1 avian influenza.. The worker was exposed to the D1.1 strain after working with ...
Earlier this year, a Louisiana resident died after being hospitalized with bird flu, marking the first U.S. death from the H5N1 virus. Since 2003, the World Health Organization has counted more ...