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For example, if the lightfastness of the colourant is indicated to be 5 on the Blue Wool scale, it can be expected to fade by a similar amount as the strip number 5 in the Blue Wool test strip set. The success of the test can be confirmed by comparing the test strip set with the reference set that was stored protected from the light. [12] [13]
Absolute values of fading will depend on light intensity. Relative values of fading, comparing the sample with the standard blue test strip, will depend less on intensity. For example, if a pigment is rated as "BW5" it can be expected to fade to the same degree as strip number 5 on a bluewool test card, for any specific light exposure.
Lightfastness is a characteristic of a colourant, such as dye or pigment, which denotes its ability to resist fading when subjected to light exposure. [7] Grey scales for assessing the grades of colour fastness Colour fastness test report with grading for demonstration purpose
Microfadeometry is a technique that uses tiny spots of intense light to probe and measure color changes in objects of art that are particularly sensitive to light exposure. [1] This process is completed using a recently designed instrument known as a microfading tester. The data from the test is represented by reflectance spectra.
Laundry detergent fluorescing under ultraviolet light. Optical brighteners, optical brightening agents (OBAs), fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), are chemical compounds that absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region (usually 340-370 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum, and re-emit light in the blue region (typically 420-470 nm) through the ...
Therefore, to study the ink mileage of different paper substrates, this test can be done on all the newsprint samples. Ink requirement also depends upon the ink formulation and the colour strength of the pigments. From this test, the ink mileage of all the four process colours, when printed in the same paper, can be studied.
The test method evaluates the thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of fabrics, which bear on the garment's comfort. [25] [26] ISO 11092:2014 (the test for physiological effects — Test for measuring thermal resistance and water-vapor resistance) [27] ASTM F1868 (test for measuring thermal and evaporative resistance) [28]
Anthraquinone. Anthraquinone dyes are an abundant group of dyes comprising a anthraquinone unit as the shared structural element. Anthraquinone itself is colourless, but red to blue dyes are obtained by introducing electron donor groups such as hydroxy or amino groups in the 1-, 4-, 5- or 8-position. [1]