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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Lye is a hydroxide, either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The word lye most accurately refers to sodium hydroxide (NaOH), [ citation needed ] but historically has been conflated to include other alkali materials, most notably potassium hydroxide (KOH).
Azoth – initially this referred to a supposed universal solvent but later became another name for Mercury. Bitumen – highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Blende; Brimstone – sulfur; Flowers of sulfur – formed by distilling sulfur. Caustic potash/caustic wood alkali – potassium hydroxide, formed by adding lime to potash.
Sodium dichromate – Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ·2H 2 O; Sodium dioxide – NaO 2; Sodium dithionite – Na 2 S 2 O 4; Sodium ferrocyanide – Na 4 [Fe(CN) 6] Sodium fluoride – NaF; Sodium fluorosilicate – Na 2 [SiF 6] Sodium formate – HCOONa; Sodium hydride – NaH; Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate) – NaHCO 3; Sodium hydrosulfide ...
Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Among many other useful sodium compounds, sodium hydroxide is used in soap manufacture, and sodium chloride (edible salt) is a de-icing agent and a nutrient for animals including humans. Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants.
Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaSH. This compound is the product of the half-neutralization of hydrogen sulfide ( H 2 S ) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NaSH and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar purposes.
An early method for producing phenol involved the base hydrolysis of sodium benzenesulfonate, which can be generated readily from benzene. [15] C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na + NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + Na 2 SO 3. The conditions for this reaction are harsh, however, requiring 'fused alkali' or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C for benzenesulfonic acid itself. [16]
The process has a high energy consumption, for example around 2,500 kWh (9,000 MJ) of electricity per tonne of sodium hydroxide produced. Because the process yields equivalent amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide (two moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of chlorine), it is necessary to find a use for these products in the same proportion ...
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related to: sodium hydroxide other names