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Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost. The term counter is often used instead of detector when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization. Particle detectors can also usually track ionizing radiation (high energy photons or even visible light).
A semiconductor detector in ionizing radiation detection physics is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and X-ray spectrometry, and as particle detectors.
Civil defense Geiger counters, handheld radiation monitors, both G-M and ion chambers; Counting efficiency the ratio of radiation events reaching a detector and the number it counts; Data sonification, the interpretation or processing of data by sound; Dosimeter, a device used by personnel to measure what radiation dose they have received
The following Radiological protection instruments can be used to detect and measure ionizing radiation: Ionization chambers; Gaseous ionization detectors; Geiger counters; Photodetectors; Scintillation counters; Semiconductor detectors
In the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety Executive, or HSE, has issued a user guidance note on selecting the correct radiation measurement instrument for the application concerned. This covers all radiation instrument technologies, and is a useful comparative guide to the use of scintillation detectors. [7]
The detectors can be used to detect both neutrons and gamma rays, which are typically distinguished using pulse-height discrimination. Substantial effort and progress in reducing fiber detector sensitivity to gamma radiation has been made. Original detectors suffered from false neutrons in a 0.02 mR gamma field.
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