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4-Fluoroephedrine, also known as 4-fluoro-β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine, amphetamine, and β-hydroxyamphetamine derivative. [6] [1] It is the 4-fluoro analogue of ephedrine. [6] [1] The synthesis of 4-fluoroephedrine has been described. [7] It can serve as a precursor in the synthesis of 4-fluoromethamphetamine ...
4-Fluoromethylphenidate was studied further along with other analogues of (±)-threo-methylphenidate (TMP) to assess their potential as anti-cocaine medications. 4F-MPH was reported as having an ED 50 mg/kg of 0.26 (0.18–0.36), regarding its efficacy as a substitute for cocaine, and a relative potency of 3.33 compared to methylphenidate for ...
4-Fluoroamphetamine is a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. [9] The respective EC 50 values are 2.0 x 10 −7 M, 7.3 x 10 −7 M, and 0.37 x 10 −7 M, while the IC 50 values are 7.7 x 10 −7 M, 68 x 10 −7 M, and 4.2 x 10 −7 M. [3]
This synthesis was a by-product of a search for ephedrine, a bronchodilator used to treat asthma extracted exclusively from natural sources. Over-the-counter use of substituted amphetamines was initiated in the early 1930s by the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline & French (now part of GlaxoSmithKline ), as a medicine ( Benzedrine ) for colds ...
Ephedrine is still sold as an oral nasal decongestant [76] in 8 mg pills as a natural health product, with a limit of 0.4 g (400 mg) per package, the limit established by the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act as it is considered as Class A Precursor. [77]
4-FMA is considered a Schedule 9 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). [6] A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or ...
[3] [4] [1] It is reported to be used in various over-the-counter cough and cold preparations throughout the world, including Japan. [1] The drug is an ephedrine-like sympathomimetic and activates α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [5] Chemically, it is a substituted amphetamine and is closely related to ephedrine. [3] [4]
Flephedrone, also known as 4-fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC), is a stimulant drug of the cathinone chemical class that has been sold online as a designer drug starting in ...