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Tūī on New Zealand flax. Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax [1] [2] outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp [1] in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. [3]
Phormium tenax - MHNT. Phormium is an herbaceous perennial monocot. The tough, sword-shaped leaves grow up to 3 metres (10 ft) long and up to 125 millimetres (5 in) wide. They are usually darkish green but sometimes have coloured edges and central ribs. Cultivated varieties range from light green through pink to deep russet bronze.
A Parliamentary Commission in 1870 reported on all aspects of the flax industry. It listed up to 24 varieties, with many regional variations in names. [15] Several times the possibility of commercial papermaking from the fibre from Phormium tenax has been investigated, but currently it is used only by artists and craftsmen producing handmade ...
Kaitaka are cloaks of finely woven muka (Phormium tenax) fibre. [31] Kaitaka are among the more prestigious forms of traditional Māori dress. They are made from muka (flax fibre), which is in turn made from those varieties of Phormium tenax that yield the finest quality fibre characterised by a silk-like texture and rich golden sheen. Kaitaka ...
Phormium colensoi (syn. Phormium cookianum – see below), also called mountain flax, or wharariki in Māori, is a perennial plant that is endemic to New Zealand. [5] The greenish, yellow or orange flowers are followed by twisted seed pods. [5] It is less common than the other Phormium species, P. tenax or harakeke.
Manaaki Whenua is kaitiaki of an ethnobotanical collection of traditional weaving varieties of harakeke (NZ flax, Phormium spp.) donated by Rene Orchiston of Gisborne. The 50 harakeke were selected long ago from natural stands and cultivated by Māori weavers for their special leaf and fibre properties.
Fruits of four different banana cultivars. Bamboo – bamboosa ardinarifolia; Banana – mainly Musa × paradisica, but also other Musa species and hybrids; Baobab – Adansonia Bay – Laurus spp. or Umbellularia spp.
The traditional weaving material is muka, fibre prepared from the New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) by scraping, pounding and washing. The muka fibre was dyed using natural dyes . There has been a resurgence of tāniko and other Māori cultural practices starting in the 1950s and as part of the broader Māori Renaissance .
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