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Some Jews were sold as slaves or transported as captives after the fall of Judea, others joined the existing diaspora, while still others remained in the region and began work on the Jerusalem Talmud. The Jews in the diaspora were generally accepted into the Roman Empire, but with the rise of Christianity, restrictions grew. Forced expulsions ...
A pivotal moment in the emancipation of Roman Jews occurred on 20 September 1870, with the breach of Porta Pia and the capture of Rome by the forces of the Kingdom of Italy. Following the breach of Porta Pia, the walls of the Roman Ghetto were torn down, and Jews were granted the same civil rights as other citizens.
The fate of Jews in Rome and Italy fluctuated, with partial expulsions being carried out under the emperors Tiberius and Claudius. [10] [11] After the successive Jewish revolts of 66 and 132 CE, many Judean Jews were brought to Rome as slaves (the norm in the ancient world was for prisoners of war and inhabitants of defeated cities to be sold ...
As the Roman Empire was becoming Christianized, Constantine II (emperor AD 337–340) barred Jews from owning Christian slaves, converting their slaves to Judaism, or circumcising their slaves. Laws in late antiquity discouraging the subjection of Christians to Jewish owners suggest that they were aimed at protecting Christian identity, [ 69 ...
Following the capture of Jerusalem by the forces of Herod the Great with assistance from Roman forces in 37 BCE, it is likely that Jews were again taken to Rome as slaves. It is known that Jewish war captives were sold into slavery after the suppression of a minor Jewish revolt in 53 BCE, and some were probably taken to southern Europe. [16]
Jews were banned from the city and its surrounding areas. [174] For the next five centuries, Jews were only permitted to enter Aelia Capitolina on Tisha B'Av to mourn the destruction of the temple. [199] This restriction continued after the Roman Empire's conversion to Christianity. [200]
Following the suppression of the First Jewish–Roman War by the Roman army (66–70 CE), many Jews were taken to Rome as prisoners of war. [29] [100] [101] In response, the Talmud contained guidance to emancipate Jewish slaves, but cautioned the redeemer against paying excessive prices since that may encourage Roman captors to enslave more ...
The first record of Jews in Rome is in 161 BC, when Jason b. Eleazar and Eupolemus b. Johanan are said to have gone there as envoys from Judah Maccabee. [2] The Roman Ghetto was established as a result of papal bull Cum nimis absurdum, promulgated by Pope Paul IV on 14 July 1555. The bull also required the Jews of Rome, which had existed as a ...