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The Oppidum of Manching (German: Oppidum von Manching) was a large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day Manching, near Ingolstadt, in Bavaria, Germany. The Iron Age town (or oppidum ) was founded in the 3rd century BC and existed until c. 50-30 BC.
By contrast to Manching, only a fraction of the walled area likely was occupied by buildings. The oppidum's location at the two rivers and between Manching, Berching, and other settlements farther downstream on the Danube, together with the ample supply of wood and iron, likely were the basis for its existence. [1]: 394
An exception to that is the oppidum of Brenodurum at Bern, which was confirmed by an archaeological discovery. [14]: 13 In archaeology and prehistory, the term oppida now refers to a category of settlement; it was first used in that sense by Paul Reinecke, Joseph Déchelette and Wolfgang Dehn in reference to Bibracte, Manching, and Závist.
During an exploratory overflight in 1988, local amateur historians recognised the traces of a large tumulus in a field 300 m south of the oppidum. Between 1994 and 1997, the State Archaeological Service of Hesse excavated it. [10] The mound (mound 1) originally had a diameter of nearly 50 m and a height of 6 m.
The museum was founded on 14 October 1885 on the initiative of the physiologist and anthropologist Johannes Ranke, a nephew of Leopold von Ranke. [1] [2] As part of his teaching at the University of Munich, he had assembled a private collection of both original prehistoric objects of Bavarian origin and copies and held a well received exhibition of them in March–April that year, after which ...
A gold-and-bronze model of an oak tree (3rd century BCE) found at the Oppidum of Manching. Sculptures from Roquepertuse , a sanctuary in the south of France The silver Gundestrup cauldron (2nd or 1st century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near Gundestrup, Denmark , but probably made near the Black Sea , perhaps in Thrace .
Artistic reconstruction of typical murus gallicus 100 BC Reconstructed section of murus gallicus wall at Manching Reconstructed murus gallicus at the oppidum of Bibracte, France Design of murus gallicus
The Oppidum du Fossé des Pandours is an urban center of the Celtic people known as the Mediomatrici. It was established near the Saverne Pass, within the territory of the modern communes of Saverne and Ottersthal . It is the largest oppidum in the region of Alsace. The territory of the Mediomatrici is home to several oppida.