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  2. Graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

    An aerogel made of graphene layers separated by carbon nanotubes was measured at 0.16 milligrams per cubic centimeter. A solution of graphene and carbon nanotubes in a mold is freeze-dried to dehydrate the solution, leaving the aerogel. The material has superior elasticity and absorption.

  3. Graphene chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_chemistry

    Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure). Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope. Defects within a sheet increase its chemical reactivity. [1]

  4. Graphene production techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_production_techniques

    A highly exothermic reaction combusts magnesium in an oxidation–reduction reaction with carbon dioxide, producing a variety of carbon nanoparticles including graphene and fullerenes. The carbon dioxide reactant may be either solid (dry-ice) or gaseous. The products of this reaction are carbon and magnesium oxide. [107] [108]

  5. Electronic properties of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_properties_of...

    Graphene is a semimetal whose conduction and valence bands meet at the Dirac points, which are six locations in momentum space, the vertices of its hexagonal Brillouin zone, divided into two non-equivalent sets of three points. The two sets are labeled K and K′. The sets give graphene a valley degeneracy of gv = 2.

  6. Aerographene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerographene

    The stiffness and compressibility of graphene aerogels can be attributed in part to the strong sp 2 bonding of graphene and the π-π interaction between carbon sheets. In graphene aerogels, the π-π interaction can greatly enhance stiffness due to the highly curved and folded regions of graphene as observed through transmission electron ...

  7. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_properties_of...

    Since carbon nanotubes have a low density for a solid of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm 3, its specific strength of up to 48,000 kN·m·kg −1 is the best of known materials, compared to high-carbon steel's 154 kN·m·kg −1. Under excessive tensile strain, the tubes will undergo plastic deformation, which means the deformation is permanent. This ...

  8. Discovery of graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_graphene

    This "epitaxial graphene" consists of a single-atom-thick hexagonal lattice of sp 2-bonded carbon atoms, as in free-standing graphene. However, significant charge transfers from the substrate to the epitaxial graphene, and in some cases, the d-orbitals of the substrate atoms hybridize with the π orbitals of graphene, which significantly alters ...

  9. Graphene morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_morphology

    Pure graphene and gold-decorated graphene were each successfully integrated with the substrate. [25] An aerogel made of graphene layers separated by carbon nanotubes was measured at 0.16 milligrams per cubic centimeter. A solution of graphene and carbon nanotubes in a mold is freeze dried to dehydrate the solution, leaving the aerogel.