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No inherent redundancy for the pump. A zone-valved system is dependent upon a single circulator pump. If it fails, the system becomes completely inoperable. The system can be harder to design, requiring both "SPDT" thermostats or relays and the ability of the system to withstand the fault condition whereby all zone valves are closed simultaneously.
This avoids one of the principal challenges faced by the larger, two-part pumps: maintaining a water-tight seal at the point where the pump drive shaft enters the pump body. Small- to medium-sized circulator pumps are usually supported entirely by the pipe flanges that join them to the rest of the hydronic plumbing. Large pumps are usually pad ...
Thermosyphon circulation in a simple solar water heater (not a working model; there is no water supply to replenish the tank when the tap is used). A thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a device that employs a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump.
Heat traps are valves or loops of pipe on the cold water inlet and hot water outlet of water heaters. The heat traps allow cold water to flow into the water heater tank, but prevent unwanted natural convection and heated water to flow out of the tank.
Some circuits (typically those closest to the pump) will be favored by higher than required flows at the expense of other circuits that will have underflows. Control valves may temporarily help by gradually reducing the flow in favoured circuits, thus allowing unfavored circuits to achieve the correct flow.
Standing loss, or standing losses, is a non-technical term to define energy losses in a system, usually associated with heat and hot water storage systems.It is the amount of energy lost through heat transfer to the surrounding environment; as such it is directly related to how well insulated a system is.
Pneumatic valve: Actuated using a compressible medium like air, hydrocarbon, or nitrogen, with a spring diaphragm, piston cylinder or piston-spring type actuator; Hydraulic valve: Actuated by a non-compressible medium such as water or oil; Electric valve: Actuated by an electric motor; A wide variety of valve types and control operation exist.
A duplex steam pump has two sets of steam and water cylinders. They are not physically connected but the steam valves on the first pump are operated by the movement of the second pump's piston rod, and vice versa. The result is that there are no "dead spots" and the pump is always self-starting. [2]
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