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The largest steam locomotive built in Europe was a 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt, built by Beyer, Peacock and Company for the Soviet Railways in 1932. The most numerous Garratt class in the world was also a Double Mountain, the Class GMA and GMAM of the South African Railways, of which 120 were built between 1954 and 1958. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Swiss classification: 4/6+4/5. The equivalent UIC classification is refined to (2'D)D1' for simple articulated locomotives. A locomotive of that length must be an articulated locomotive; meaning all have a joint between the first and second groups of driving wheels. All examples of this type are cab forwards. Normally, the leading truck sits ...
[8] ECD produces significantly different types of fragment ions (although primarily c- and z-type, b-ions have been identified in ECD [9]) than other MS/MS fragmentation methods such as electron-detachment dissociation (EDD) (primarily a and x types), [10] [11] [12] collision-induced dissociation (CID) (primarily b [13] and y type) and infrared ...
An electrochromic device (ECD) controls optical properties such as optical transmission, absorption, reflectance and/or emittance in a continual but reversible manner on application of voltage (electrochromism). This property enables an ECD to be used for applications like smart glass, electrochromic mirrors, and electrochromic display devices.
An ECD has a limited [clarification needed] dynamic range and finds its greatest application in analysis of halogenated compounds. [9] The detection limit for electron capture detectors is 5 femtograms per second (fg/s) and the detector commonly exhibits a 10,000-fold linear range.
[1] [2] [3] It is intended to be a complete record of the lexicon of a given language. [4] As such, it identifies and describes, in separate entries, each of the language's lexemes (roughly speaking, each word or set of inflected forms based on a single stem) and phrasemes (roughly speaking, idioms and other multi-word fixed expressions).
Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) was developed in 1998 to fragment large proteins for mass spectrometric analysis. [7] Because ECD requires a large amount of near-thermal electrons (<0.2eV), originally it was used exclusively with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR), the most expensive form of MS instrumentation. [8]
The T-meter had a system of thermistor probes, each of which plugged into the base of the unit and able to accurately measure a variety of temperature ranges. [8] The T-meter found widespread acceptance in scientific laboratories and industrial plants. [6] In 1976, ECD earned over US$200,000 in sales and had a backlog of orders worth $1,500,000 ...