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It has no good way to publish X.509 client digital certificates for users, and can only publish the address of a given network node, not the node most recently used by a particular person. IRP provides a highly secure address registry with per-user authentication (usually using X.509 certificate based Strong Client Authentication).
Off-the-record Messaging (OTR) is a cryptographic protocol that provides encryption for instant messaging conversations. OTR uses a combination of AES symmetric-key algorithm with 128 bits key length, the Diffie–Hellman key exchange with 1536 bits group size, and the SHA-1 hash function.
Cryptocat is a discontinued open-source desktop application intended to allow encrypted online chatting available for Windows, OS X, and Linux. [3] It uses end-to-end encryption to secure all communications to other Cryptocat users. Users are given the option of independently verifying their buddies' device lists and are notified when a buddy's ...
Google Chat (formerly Google Hangouts) Google: May 15, 2013; 11 years ago () (as Google Hangouts) March 9, 2017; 7 years ago () (as Google Chat) Android Proprietary freeware: Proprietary: 1 billion (2021) 500 million active (2020) iOS Web Google Messages (RCS) 2018; 7 years ago () Android Proprietary freeware: Proprietary
The term "end-to-end encryption" originally only meant that the communication is never decrypted during its transport from the sender to the receiver. [9] For example, around 2003, E2EE has been proposed as an additional layer of encryption for GSM [10] or TETRA, [11] in addition to the existing radio encryption protecting the communication between the mobile device and the network infrastructure.
In September 2015, G Data Software launched a new messaging app called Secure Chat which used the Signal Protocol. [34] [35] G Data discontinued the service in May 2018. [36] In September 2016, Google launched a new messaging app called Allo, which featured an optional "incognito mode" that used the Signal Protocol for end-to-end encryption.
Open Whisper Systems (abbreviated OWS [7]) was a software development group [8] that was founded by Moxie Marlinspike in 2013. The group picked up the open source development of TextSecure and RedPhone, and was later responsible for starting the development of the Signal Protocol [9] and the Signal messaging app.
Element (formerly Riot and Vector [13]) is a free and open-source software instant messaging client implementing the Matrix protocol. [14]Element supports end-to-end encryption, [15] private and public groups, sharing of files between users, voice and video calls, and other collaborative features with help of bots and widgets.