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In telecommunication, the front can be considered a device or service, while the back is the infrastructure that supports provision of service. A rule of thumb is that the client-side (or "frontend") is any component manipulated by the user. The server-side (or "backend") code usually resides on the server, often far removed physically from the ...
A variation known as MERN replaces Angular with React.js front-end, [3] [4] and another named MEVN use Vue.js as front-end. Because all components of the MEAN stack support programs that are written in JavaScript, MEAN applications can be written in one language for both server-side and client-side execution environments.
JavaScript-based web application frameworks, such as React and Vue, provide extensive capabilities but come with associated trade-offs. These frameworks often extend or enhance features available through native web technologies, such as routing, component-based development, and state management.
The term "solution stack" has, historically, occasionally included hardware components as part of a final product, mixing both the hardware and software in layers of support. [4] [5] A full-stack developer is expected to be able to work in all the layers of the application (front-end and back-end).
For example, the jQuery JavaScript library is included in Ruby on Rails. [ citation needed ] With the increased interest in developing " Web 2.0 " rich web applications , the complexity of programming directly in Ajax and JavaScript has become so apparent that compiler technology has stepped in, to allow developers to code in high-level ...
JavaScript code can use the Document Object Model (DOM), provided by the HTML standard, to manipulate a web page in response to events, like user input. Using a technique called AJAX , JavaScript code can also actively retrieve content from the web (independent of the original HTML page retrieval), and also react to server-side events as well ...
Unobtrusive JavaScript is a general approach to the use of client-side JavaScript in web pages so that if JavaScript features are partially or fully absent in a user's web browser, then the user notices as little as possible any lack of the web page's JavaScript functionality. [1]
var x1 = 0; // A global variable, because it is not in any function let x2 = 0; // Also global, this time because it is not in any block function f {var z = 'foxes', r = 'birds'; // 2 local variables m = 'fish'; // global, because it wasn't declared anywhere before function child {var r = 'monkeys'; // This variable is local and does not affect the "birds" r of the parent function. z ...