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The Constitution provides for two officers to preside over the Senate. Article One, Section 3, Clause 4 designates the vice president of the United States as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president was expected to preside at regular sessions of the Senate, casting votes only to break ties.
In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chair presides over meetings. [28] Such duties at meetings include: Calling the meeting to order; Determining if a quorum is present; Announcing the items on the "order of business", or agenda, as they come up; Recognition of members to have the floor; Enforcing the ...
Vice presidents usually personally preside over swearing in new senators, during joint sessions, announcing the result of a vote on a significant bill or confirmation, or when casting a tie-breaking vote. The Senate chooses a president pro tempore to preside in the vice president's absence. Modern presidents pro tempore, too, rarely preside ...
Historically, presidents pro tempore would preside over any joint session of the United States Congress alongside the speaker of the house when there was a vacancy in the vice presidency. With the ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, vacancies in the vice presidency became much less common.
This stipulation was designed to avoid the possible conflict of interest in having the vice president preside over the trial for the removal of the one official standing between them and the presidency. [49] In contrast, the Constitution is silent about which federal official would preside were the vice president on trial by the Senate.
Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. However, the Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes by Congress.
The members of Congress elected a president of the United States in Congress Assembled to preside over its deliberation as a neutral discussion moderator. Unrelated to and quite dissimilar from the later office of president of the United States, it was a largely ceremonial position without much influence. [27]
More than half of the lieutenant governors preside over their state senate, though others typically only do so ceremonially while a president pro tem or other leader controls the floor agenda. Lieutenant governors are the only officials with specific duties and powers in two branches of state government: the executive and legislative branches.