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The Ark of the Covenant, [a] also known as the Ark of the Testimony [b] or the Ark of God, [c] [1] [2] is a purported religious storage and relic held to be the most sacred object by the Israelites. Religious tradition describes it as a wooden storage chest decorated in solid gold accompanied by an ornamental lid known as the Seat of Mercy .
Replica of the ark of the covenant, with the "mercy seat" (kaporet) acting as lid.According to the Hebrew Bible, the kaporet (Hebrew: כַּפֹּרֶת kapōreṯ) or mercy seat was the gold lid placed on the Ark of the Covenant, with two cherubim at the ends to cover and create the space in which Yahweh appeared and dwelled.
Just prior to David's moving the ark to Jerusalem, the ark was located in Kiriath-Jearim (1 Chronicles 13:5–6). The Ark was eventually brought to Jerusalem, where it was placed "inside the tent David had pitched for it" ( 2 Samuel 6:17 ; 1 Chronicles 15:1 ), not in the tabernacle, which remained at Gibeon.
Thomas Römer argued in 2015 that “clearly… the tablets of the law are a substitute for something else.” [3] He holds that “the original Ark contained a statue [i.e. a cult image] of Yhwh”, [4]: 4 which he specifically identifies as “two betyles (sacred stones), or two cult image statues symbolizing Yhwh and his female companion ...
Christ rises from the tomb, alongside Jonah spit onto the beach, a typological allegory. From a 15th-century Biblia pauperum. One example of typology is the story of Jonah and the whale from the Old Testament. [5] Medieval allegorical interpretation of this story is that it prefigures Christ's burial, with the stomach of the whale as Christ's tomb.
The ark is often closed with a parochet ("curtain") placed either outside the doors of the Holy Ark (Ashkenazi and Mizrachi custom) or inside the doors of the ark (Spanish and Portuguese and Moroccan or Sephardic custom). The parochet is an ornate cloth that resembles the same cloth that was once on the golden Ark.
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In images where the creatures surround Christ, the winged man and the eagle are often depicted at Christ's sides, with the lion and the ox positioned lower by his feet, with the man on Christ's right, taking precedence over the eagle, and the lion to the left of the ox. These positions reflect the medieval great chain of being. [25]