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Differential forms can be multiplied together using the exterior product, and for any differential k-form α, there is a differential (k + 1)-form dα called the exterior derivative of α. Differential forms, the exterior product and the exterior derivative are independent of a choice of coordinates.
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Calculus on Manifolds is a brief monograph on the theory of vector-valued functions of several real variables (f : R n →R m) and differentiable manifolds in Euclidean space. . In addition to extending the concepts of differentiation (including the inverse and implicit function theorems) and Riemann integration (including Fubini's theorem) to functions of several variables, the book treats ...
In mathematics, especially vector calculus and differential topology, a closed form is a differential form α whose exterior derivative is zero (dα = 0), and an exact form is a differential form, α, that is the exterior derivative of another differential form β. Thus, an exact form is in the image of d, and a closed form is in the kernel of d.
Let M be a smooth manifold and E → M be a smooth vector bundle over M.We denote the space of smooth sections of a bundle E by Γ(E).An E-valued differential form of degree p is a smooth section of the tensor product bundle of E with Λ p (T ∗ M), the p-th exterior power of the cotangent bundle of M.
The wedge product of ordinary, real-valued differential forms is defined using multiplication of real numbers. For a pair of Lie algebra–valued differential forms, the wedge product can be defined similarly, but substituting the bilinear Lie bracket operation, to obtain another Lie algebra–valued form.
In algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, a logarithmic differential form is a differential form with poles of a certain kind. The concept was introduced by Pierre Deligne . [ 1 ] In short, logarithmic differentials have the mildest possible singularities needed in order to give information about an open submanifold (the ...
In differential geometry, an equivariant differential form on a manifold M acted upon by a Lie group G is a polynomial map: from the Lie algebra = to the space of differential forms on M that are equivariant; i.e.,