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The 1970 United States census controversially broadened the definition to "a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race". This is now the common formal and colloquial definition of the term within the United States, outside of New Mexico.
The term Hispanic has been the source of several debates in the United States. Within the United States, the term originally referred typically to the Hispanos of New Mexico until the U.S. government used it in the 1970 Census to refer to "a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race."
The Monumento a La Raza at Avenida de los Insurgentes, Mexico City (inaugurated 12 October 1940) Flag of the Hispanic People. In Mexico, the Spanish expression la Raza [1] ('the people' [2] or 'the community'; [3] literal translation: 'the race' [2]) has historically been used to refer to the mixed-race populations (primarily though not always exclusively in the Western Hemisphere), [4 ...
The construction of race in Latin America is different from, for example, the model found in the United States, possibly because race mixing has been a common practice since the early colonial period, whereas in the United States it has generally been avoided or severely sanctioned. [4]
In 1980, the full population was asked about "Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent" identifying three nationalities ("Mexican, Mexican-American, Chicano"). [15] Thereafter "Latino" was classified solely as an ethnicity separate from race. [16] In 2000, the US Census Bureau allowed persons to check multiple race identifiers. [17]
Mestizo (/ m ɛ ˈ s t iː z oʊ, m ɪ ˈ-/ mest-EE-zoh, mist-, [1] [2] Spanish: or; fem. mestiza, literally 'mixed person') is a person of mixed heritage, In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturally European even though their ancestors were Indigenous American, or African. [3]
Latin American countries (green) in the Americas. Latin America (Spanish: América Latina or Latinoamérica; Portuguese: América Latina; French: Amérique latine) is the region of the Americas where Romance languages (i.e., those derived from Latin)—particularly Spanish and Portuguese, as well as French—are primarily spoken.
The U.S. census uses the ethnonym Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race". [19] The Census Bureau also explains that "[o]rigin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the ...