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A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides or by synthetic nucleoside analogues. [ 1 ] modRNA is used to induce the production of a desired protein in certain cells. An important application is the development of mRNA vaccines ...
mRNA in vitro transcription, innate and adaptive immunity activation. An mRNAvaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [ 1 ] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen -encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that ...
SM-102 is a synthetic amino lipid which is used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. [1] These are used for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, [2][3][4] and in particular SM-102 forms part of the drug delivery system for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. [5][6][7] Lipid nanoparticles are an extension of earlier RNA ...
Drew Weissman (born September 7, 1959) is an American physician and immunologist known for his contributions to RNA biology. Weissman is the inaugural Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, director of the Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, and professor of medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn).
Advances in lipid nanoparticle formulation and nucleic acid chemistry have been critical in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics, such as mRNA vaccines. For example, design of the cationic ionizable lipids, which are a key component of lipid nanoparticle formulations, with an acid dissociation constant (pKa) close to the early endosomal ...
A lipid nanoparticle is typically spherical with an average diameter between 10 and 1000 nanometers. Solid lipid nanoparticles possess a solid lipid core matrix that can solubilize lipophilic molecules. The lipid core is stabilized by surfactants (emulsifiers). The emulsifier used depends on administration routes and is more limited for ...
Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. [1][2][3] It was patented in 2020 by Novavax [4] and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. [5][6][7] It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM ...
The vaccine is produced by creating an engineered baculovirus containing a gene for a modified SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. [51] The spike protein was modified by incorporating two proline amino acids in order to stabilize the pre-fusion form of the protein; this same 2P modification is being used in several other COVID‑19 vaccines. [52]