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Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. [3] The most common species of the group is monazite- (Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. [4] It occurs usually in small isolated crystals.
This plant, the first unit of IREL, was made operational way back in 1952 for processing of monazite, whose capacity was subsequently increased by about three times.Rare Earths Division (RED), Udyogamandal, Aluva is located on the banks of Periyar River in Kerala at a distance of 12 km from the port city of Kochi and 15 km from Kochi International Airport.
US$108.72 million (2022-23) Net income. US$12.5 million (2022-23) Number of employees. ~2000. Website. kmml.com. Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd is an integrated titanium dioxide manufacturing public sector undertaking in Kollam, Kerala, India. Its operations comprise mining, mineral separation, synthetic rutile and pigment -production plants.
Sand mining is a serious threat to most of the rivers in Kerala but the case is more visible in Periyar river. The indiscriminate mining has even affected the stability of Sree Sankara Bridge at Kalady . According to D. Padmalal, head of the Environmental Science division, National Center for Earth Science Studioes, this kind of mindless mining ...
Kerala's monazite sand (containing a third of the world's economically recoverable reserves of radioactive thorium) emits about 8 microsieverts per hour of gamma radiation, 80 times the dose rate equivalent in London, but a decade-long study of 69,985 residents published in Health Physics in 2009 "showed no excess cancer risk from exposure to ...
Monazite powder, a rare earth and thorium phosphate mineral, is the primary source of the world's thorium. India's three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Homi Bhabha, the well-known physicist, in the 1950s to secure the country's long term energy independence, through the use of uranium and thorium reserves found in the monazite sands of coastal regions of South India.
Kerala (38,863 km 2; 1.18% of India 's land) is situated between the Lakshadweep Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. Kerala's coast runs some 590 km in length, while the state itself varies between 35–120 km in width. Geologically, pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene formations comprise the bulk of Kerala's terrain.
Monazite geochronology is a dating technique to study geological history using the mineral monazite. It is a powerful tool in studying the complex history of metamorphic rocks particularly, as well as igneous, sedimentary and hydrothermal rocks. [2][3] The dating uses the radioactive processes in monazite as a clock.