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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory proposes that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors, like salary and working conditions, don't motivate but can cause dissatisfaction if inadequate.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. The five levels of the hierarchy are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a psychological framework proposing that individuals have inherent growth tendencies and psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) that, when satisfied, lead to self-motivation, well-being, and personal growth.
The instinct theory explains motivation as stemming from inborn, biological drives and impulses. Motivated behavior arises to satisfy fundamental survival needs like hunger, thirst, sex, and rest. Instincts propel humans and animals to act in certain innate ways.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Of Motivation-Hygiene. Reviewed by Saul McLeod, PhD
The Hawthorne defect: Persistence of a flawed theory. Psychology Today, 16 (2), 70-74. Orne, M. T. (2009). Demand characteristics and the concept of quasi-controls. Artifacts in behavioral research: Robert Rosenthal and Ralph L. Rosnow’s classic books, 110, 110-137.
Piaget’s theory influenced parenting by emphasizing stimulating environments, play, and supporting children’s curiosity. Parents can use Piaget’s stages to have realistic developmental expectations of their children’s behavior and cognitive capabilities.
Freud’s iceberg theory metaphorically represents the mind’s three levels: the conscious (visible tip of the iceberg), the preconscious (just below the surface), and the unconscious (vast submerged portion).
Overall, while both models aim to describe and categorize personality, the Big Five is thought to have more empirical research and more scientific support, while the MBTI is more of a theory and often lacks strong empirical evidence.
Erikson's theory outlines 8 stages of psychosocial development from infancy to late adulthood. At each stage, individuals face a conflict between two opposing states that shapes personality. Successfully resolving the conflicts leads to virtues like hope, will, purpose, and integrity.