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Endoscopic image of colon cancer identified in sigmoid colon on screening colonoscopy in the setting of Crohn's disease PET/CT of a staging exam of colon carcinoma. Besides the primary tumor a lot of lesions can be seen.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). [5] Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. [ 9 ]
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
The colorectal adenoma is a benign glandular tumor of the colon and the rectum. It is a precursor lesion of the colorectal adenocarcinoma (colon cancer). [1] [2] [3] They often manifest as colorectal polyps.
The adenoma, lacking the "carcinoma" attached to the end of it, suggests that it is a benign version of the malignant adenocarcinoma. The gastroenterologist uses a colonoscopy to find and remove these adenomas and polyps to prevent them from continuing to acquire genetic changes that will lead to an invasive adenocarcinoma.
Traditional serrated adenoma is a premalignant type of polyp found in the colon, often in the distal colon (sigmoid, rectum). Traditional serrated adenomas are a type of serrated polyp, and may occur sporadically or as a part of serrated polyposis syndrome. Traditional serrated adenomas are relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of all ...
In carcinoma in situ (Tis): cancer cells invading into the lamina propria, and may involve but not penetrate the muscularis mucosae. Can be classified as "high-grade dysplasia", because prognosis and management are essentially the same. [10] Invasive adenocarcinoma: Extending through the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa and beyond. [10]
Colon cancer staging is an estimate of the amount of penetration of a particular cancer. It is performed for diagnostic and research purposes, and to determine the best method of treatment. It is performed for diagnostic and research purposes, and to determine the best method of treatment.
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