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Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is a phosphate mineral with formula: NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O. Struvite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platy mica-like forms.
Prolonged increased alkalinity can lead to the formation of crystals of struvite, calcium carbonate, and/or apatite, which can result in struvite kidney stones. Delayed or suboptimal treatment often allows these kidney stones to act as a nidus for P. mirabilis growth causing recurrent infections despite antibiotic treatment.
Crystalluria refers to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. Crystalluria is considered often as a benign condition and as one of the side effects of sulfonamides and penicillins. The main reason for the identification of urinary crystals is to detect the presence of the relatively few abnormal types that may represent a ...
Steatorrhea refers to bulky, foul-smelling, oily stool that tends to be pale in color and float in the toilet bowl, resisting flushing. ... and calcium. These stones can block bile ducts or ...
More than 90 percent of dogs with struvite stones have an associated urease-producing bacterial infection in the urinary tract, but in cats struvite stones usually form in sterile urine. [7] The appearance of the stones vary from large solitary stones to multiple smaller stones. They can assume the shape of the bladder or urethra. Struvite crystals
Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite. Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate.
Prevention of struvite stones depends on staying infection-free. Diet has not been shown to affect struvite stone formation. Cystine: 1–2% [72] rare genetic disorder Pink/yellow : Radio-opaque Cystine, an amino acid (a dimer of cysteine, of the building blocks of protein), leaks through the kidneys and into the urine to form crystals ...
Calcium oxalate crystals are commonly found in lichens, where they occur in two mineral forms: weddellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·(2+x)H 2 O) and whewellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O). These crystals can form both on the surface of the lichen as a powdery coating called pruina and within the internal structures of the lichen thallus. The type and distribution of ...