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Control of the Congress from 1855 to 2025 Popular vote and house seats won by party. Party divisions of United States Congresses have played a central role on the organization and operations of both chambers of the United States Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—since its establishment as the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States in 1789.
Effectively, this created a 50–50 split, which had not occurred since the 107th Congress in 2001. This was only the third time in U.S. history that the Senate had been evenly split, and the longest-lasting one ever. [1] [2] The new senators were sworn into office by Vice President Kamala Harris, just hours after her inauguration.
In the United States, divided government describes a situation in which one party controls the White House (executive branch), while another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress (legislative branch). Divided government is seen by different groups as a benefit or as an undesirable product of the model of governance ...
The United States Congress is comprised of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate, or upper chamber, has 100 seats — two per state. Of these, 34 are up for ...
Each party elects Senate party leaders. Floor leaders act as the party chief spokesmen. The Senate majority leader is responsible for controlling the agenda of the chamber by scheduling debates and votes. Each party elects an assistant leader (whip), who works to ensure that his party's senators vote as the party leadership desires.
Senate Majority Leader: John Thune: SD: January 3, 2025 Party leader since January 3, 2025: Senate Majority Whip: John Barrasso: WY: January 3, 2025 Party whip since January 3, 2025: Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Tom Cotton: AR: January 3, 2025: Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Shelley Moore Capito: WV: January 3, 2025
Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., listens to witness testimony during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on "Supreme Court Ethics Reform" on Capitol Hill in Washington, on May 2, 2023.
In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents).