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  2. Modular exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_exponentiation

    The most direct method of calculating a modular exponent is to calculate b e directly, then to take this number modulo m.Consider trying to compute c, given b = 4, e = 13, and m = 497:

  3. C mathematical functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_mathematical_functions

    The arc4random family of random number functions are not defined in POSIX standard, but is found in some common libc implementations. It used to refer to the keystream generator of a leaked version of RC4 cipher (hence " a lleged RC4 "), but different algorithms, usually from other ciphers like ChaCha20 , have been implemented since using the ...

  4. Category:Articles with example Python (programming language ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with...

    Pages in category "Articles with example Python (programming language) code" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 201 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .

  5. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    The binary number system expresses any number as a sum of powers of 2, and denotes it as a sequence of 0 and 1, separated by a binary point, where 1 indicates a power of 2 that appears in the sum; the exponent is determined by the place of this 1: the nonnegative exponents are the rank of the 1 on the left of the point (starting from 0), and ...

  6. Exponentiation by squaring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring

    Yao's method collects in u first those x i that appear to the highest power ⁠ ⁠; in the next round those with power ⁠ ⁠ are collected in u as well etc. The variable y is multiplied ⁠ h − 1 {\displaystyle h-1} ⁠ times with the initial u , ⁠ h − 2 {\displaystyle h-2} ⁠ times with the next highest powers, and so on.

  7. Tetration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration

    The term hyperpower [4] is a natural combination of hyper and power, which aptly describes tetration. The problem lies in the meaning of hyper with respect to the hyperoperation sequence. When considering hyperoperations, the term hyper refers to all ranks, and the term super refers to rank 4, or tetration.

  8. Algebraic operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_operation

    In mathematics, a basic algebraic operation is any one of the common operations of elementary algebra, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a whole number power, and taking roots (fractional power). [1] These operations may be performed on numbers, in which case they are often called arithmetic operations.

  9. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})