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Estimates on the prevalence of propylene glycol allergy range from 0.8% (10% propylene glycol in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% propylene glycol in aqueous solution). [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for propylene glycol contact dermatitis was the ...
About 20% to 27% of propylene glycol and glycerin-based liquid particles are inhaled. [226] A 2016 study reported that 6% of nicotine, 8% of propylene glycol, and 16% of glycerin was exhaled. [75]: 162 As of 2014 the long-term effects of inhaled propylene glycol [202] [174] and glycerin were unknown. [197]
Topically applied minoxidil is generally well tolerated, but common side effects include itching of the eyes, general itching, irritation at the treated area, and unwanted hair growth elsewhere on the body. [20] Alcohol and propylene glycol present in some topical preparations may dry the scalp, resulting in dandruff and contact dermatitis. [21]
It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100), [7] in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH 2 –C(CH 3) 2 –CH(OH)–CONH–CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 –OH.
Glycol ethers are designated "E-series" or "P-series" for those made from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, respectively.Typically, E-series glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water-based paints, while P-series glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives.
Its chemical structure is (CH 3) 2 CH-CH 2-ONO. Isobutyl nitrite is a pungent colorless liquid. It acts as a vasodilator , and is used as an inhalant recreational drug , poppers .
Poloxamer 407 is a triblock copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol flanked by two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The approximate lengths of the two PEG blocks is 101 repeat units , while the approximate length of the propylene glycol block is 56 repeat units. [ 1 ]
Polypropylene glycol is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out ...