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Some U.S. government agencies now use ISO 8601 with 4-digit years. [13] [better source needed] When transitioning from one calendar or date notation to another, a format that includes both styles may be developed; for example Old Style and New Style dates in the transition from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. [14]
The golden number of any Julian or Gregorian calendar year can be calculated by dividing the year by 19, taking the remainder, and adding 1. (In mathematics this can be expressed as (year number modulo 19) + 1.) For example, 2025 divided by 19 gives 106, remainder 11. Adding 1 to the remainder gives a golden number of 12.
This is a list of Hijri years (Latin: anno Hegirae or AH) with the corresponding common era years where applicable. For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given.
Given that the Islamic New Year does not begin January 1 and that a Hijri calendar year is about 11 days shorter than a Gregorian calendar year, [13] [c] there is no direct correspondence between years of the two eras. A given Hijri year will usually fall in two successive Gregorian years.
Gregorian dates before that are proleptic, that is, using the Gregorian rules to reckon backward from October 15, 1582. Years are given in astronomical year numbering . Augustus corrected errors in the observance of leap years by omitting leap days until AD 8.
A calendar era is the period of time elapsed since one epoch of a calendar and, if it exists, before the next one. [1] For example, the current year is numbered 2025 in the Gregorian calendar, which numbers its years in the Western Christian era (the Coptic Orthodox and Ethiopian Orthodox churches have their own Christian eras).
There is a disagreement between astronomers and historians about how to count the years preceding year 1. In [Astronomical Algorithms], the 'B.C.' years are counted astronomically. Thus, the year before the year +1 is the year zero, and the year preceding the latter is the year −1. The year which historians call 585 B.C. is actually the year ...
Zeller's congruence is an algorithm devised by Christian Zeller in the 19th century to calculate the day of the week for any Julian or Gregorian calendar date. It can be considered to be based on the conversion between Julian day and the calendar date.