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  2. Adaptive Simpson's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Simpson's_method

    Adaptive Simpson's method, also called adaptive Simpson's rule, is a method of numerical integration proposed by G.F. Kuncir in 1962. [1] It is probably the first recursive adaptive algorithm for numerical integration to appear in print, [ 2 ] although more modern adaptive methods based on Gauss–Kronrod quadrature and Clenshaw–Curtis ...

  3. Rule of mutual exclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_mutual_exclusion

    The rule arises because in a centrosymmetric point group, IR active modes, which must transform according to the same irreducible representation generated by one of the components of the dipole moment vector (x, y or z), must be of ungerade (u) symmetry, i.e. their character under inversion is -1, while Raman active modes, which transform ...

  4. Stirling numbers of the second kind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_numbers_of_the...

    This can be derived by using inclusion-exclusion to count the surjections from n to k and using the fact that the number of such surjections is ! {}. Additionally, this formula is a special case of the k th forward difference of the monomial x n {\displaystyle x^{n}} evaluated at x = 0:

  5. Restricted representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_representation

    It is given combinatorially by the Littlewood–Richardson rule, the number of lattice permutations of the skew diagram k/h of weight g. [ 8 ] There is an extension of Littlewood's branching rule to arbitrary signatures due to Sundaram (1990 , p. 203).

  6. Hund's rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund's_rules

    Hund's first rule states that the lowest energy atomic state is the one that maximizes the total spin quantum number for the electrons in the open subshell. The orbitals of the subshell are each occupied singly with electrons of parallel spin before double occupation occurs.

  7. The rule of 25 for retirement: What it means and how to ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/rule-25-retirement-means...

    The rule of 25 is just a different way to look at another popular retirement rule, the 4% rule. It flips the equation (100/4% = 25) to emphasize a different part of the retirement planning process ...

  8. What is Rule of 78 and how can it impact loans? - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/rule-78-impact-loans...

    Using the Rule of 78, a $5,000 personal loan with an interest rate of 11 percent over 48 months and a $150/mo payment would incur an interest charge of $89.80 in the first month.

  9. Johnson's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson's_rule

    In operations research, Johnson's rule is a method of scheduling jobs in two work centers. Its primary objective is to find an optimal sequence of jobs to reduce makespan (the total amount of time it takes to complete all jobs). It also reduces the amount of idle time between the two work centers. The method minimizes the makespan in the case ...