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Sulayman, sometimes referred to as Sulayman III (Arabic script: سليمان, Abecedario: Solimán) (d. 1590s), [1] was a Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Luzon in the 16th century and was a nephew of Rajah Ache of Luzon. He was the commander of the Tagalog forces in the battle of Manila of 1570 against Spanish forces.
A Kapampangan leader of the Macabebe polity, later identified as Tarik Sulayman (from Arabic طارق سليمان Tāriq Sulaiman), refused to submit to the Spaniards and, after failing to gain the support of the kings of Manila (Lakandula, Matanda) and Hagonoy, Bulacan, gathered a formidable force composed of Kapampangan warriors.
Luis Cámara Dery says that by the time De Goiti arrived in 1570, Rajah Matanda had already ceded authority to his nephew and heir apparent, Rajah Sulayman, while still retaining considerable influence. [1] According to William Henry Scott, however, Rajah Sulayman was not proclaimed paramount ruler until Rajah Matanda's death in 1572. [2]
The Battle of Bangkusay (Filipino: Labanan sa Ilog Bangkusay; Spanish: Batalla de Bangkusay), on June 3, 1571, was a naval engagement that marked the last resistance by locals to the Spanish Empire's occupation and colonization of the Pasig River delta, which had been the site of the indigenous polities of the Rajahnate of Maynila and Tondo.
The following is a listing of the sovereigns of the kingdoms in the Philippine archipelago before their dominions fell to either the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies (mostly in the 16th or 17th century) or the United States of America (in the 20th century), and of their non-sovereign descendants that kept honorary titles.
Maynila, along with Tondo, was a prosperous trading settlement by the 16th century, ruled by Bruneian aristocrats intermarried with the Tagalog elite. The ruling class were fluent in both Malay and Tagalog, and many of the people in Maynila were literate, compared to those of the Visayas.
The Tondo Conspiracy of 1587, popularly known as the Conspiracy of the Maginoos (Spanish: La Conspiración de las Maginoos), also known as the Revolt of the Lakans, was a revolt planned by Tagalog nobles known as maginoos, led by Don Agustin de Legazpi of Tondo and his cousin Martin Pangan, to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines due to injustices against the Filipinos. [1]
Over time, the Lakandula's name has come to be written in several ways. However, according to the firsthand account written in Spanish by Hernando Riquel, the royal notary who accompanied Miguel López de Legazpi, the Lord of Tondo specifically identified himself as "Sibunao Lacandola, lord of the town of Tondo" [1] when he boarded Legazpi's ship with the lords of Manila on May 18, 1571.