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Traditional grammar (also known as classical grammar) is a framework for the description of the structure of a language or group of languages. [1] The roots of traditional grammar are in the work of classical Greek and Latin philologists. [2] The formal study of grammar based on these models became popular during the Renaissance. [3]
Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and theoretical grammar.
The earliest known grammar of a Western language is the second-century BCE Art of Grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax, a grammar of Greek. Key stages in the history of English grammars include Ælfric of Eynsham 's composition around 995 CE of a grammar in Old English based on a compilation of two Latin grammars, Aelius Donatus 's Ars maior ...
The history of English grammars [1] [2] begins late in the sixteenth century with the Pamphlet for Grammar by William Bullokar. In the early works, the structure and rules of English grammar were based on those of Latin. A more modern approach, incorporating phonology, was introduced in the nineteenth century.
In modern linguistics, the mechanism familiar from classical predication often goes under the name of information structure but is considered as part of innate syntax in generative grammar. Formal semantics, as well as dependency grammar , employs transitive or n -ary predicates, but categorial grammar remains based on the unary predicate.
Fred gave Susan the book. The subject Fred performs or is the source of the action. The direct object the book is acted upon by the subject, and the indirect object Susan receives the direct object or otherwise benefits from the action. Traditional grammars often begin with these rather vague notions of the grammatical functions.
A Modern English grammar on historical principles is a seven-volume grammar of English written by Otto Jespersen. The first volume ("part"), Sounds and Spellings, was published in 1909; two through five were on syntax; six was on morphology; and seven returned to the topic of syntax. It took until 1949 for all seven to be completed. [1]: 1766
Reviewing the book for the journal Computational Linguistics, Chris Brew suggested computational applications never envisaged by its authors. And for a wider readership: And for a wider readership: [ CamGEL ] is both a modern complement to existing descriptive grammars (Quirk et al. 1985; Biber et al. 1999) and an important resource for anyone ...